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Methylene blue (CI 52015) is a heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound with the chemical formula C16H18N3SCl. It has many uses in biology and chemistry; for example, it can be used as a stain and as a pharmaceutical drug. At room temperature it appears as a solid, odorless, dark green powder, that yields a blue solution when dissolved in water. The hydrated form has 3 molecules of water per unit of methylene blue. Methylene blue should not be confused with methyl blue, another histology stain, new methylene blue, nor with the methyl violets often used as pH indicators. The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) of methylene blue is methylthioninium chloride. Methylene blue was first prepared in 1876 by German chemist Heinrich Caro (1834-1910).〔Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik () (Mannheim, Germany), "Verfahren zur Darstellung blauer Farbstoffe aus Dimethylanilin und anderen tertiaren aromatischen Monaminen" (Method for preparation of blue dyes from dimethylaniline and other tertiary aromatic monoamines), Deutsches Reich Patent no. 1886 (December 15, 1877). Available on-line at: P. Friedlaender, ''Fortschritte der Theerfarbenfabrikation und verwandter Industriezweige'' (Progress of the manufacture of coal-tar dyes and related branches of industry), volume 1 (Berlin, Germany: Julius Springer, 1888), (pages 247-249. ) See also: * British patent no. 3751 (October 9, 1877). * Heinrich Caro, ("Improvement in the production of dye-stuffs from methyl-aniline," ) U.S. Patent no. 204,796 (filed: March 28, 1878 ; issued: June 11, 1878).〕 It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system. ==Medical uses== Methylene blue is a component of a frequently prescribed urinary analgesic/anti-infective/anti-spasmodic known as "Prosed", a combination of drugs which also contains phenyl salicylate, benzoic acid, hyoscyamine sulfate, and methenamine (aka hexamethylenetetramine and not to be confused with 'methanamine').〔http://www.rxlist.com/prosed-ds-drug.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Methylene blue」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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